119 min read web development

Digital Experience Layer (Vodafone Greece)

The Digital eXperience Layer (DXL) is a Kubernetes middleware, and Vodafone Greece's digital backbone.
Digital Experience Layer (Vodafone Greece)

I have been the backend Chapter Lead of Vodafone Greece's Digital eXperience Layer, a Kubernetes-based middleware.

During my employment, I set up a team of 30+ developers, introduced radically new technologies, and restructured the DXL in a way that would prove to be 60% more efficient in terms of resources and raw performance of Microservices. Using the DXL middleware, user operations from the mobile and web app that originally took 10+ seconds now only require a few milliseconds.

For this, I had to lead the rewrite of the entire infrastructure with which the team developed Microservices, and set up new company processes and new software architecture. I designed systems widely adopted by Vodafone Operators outside of Greece, as well.

Worldwide Recognition

How Vodafone Greece Built 80 Java Microservices in Quarkus
Tossed into a Java world – can you make it back to reactive, event-driven environments and scalable containers?
The New StackAlex Handy
Why Vodafone Greece Devs Migrated to Red Hat’s Quarkus | InformationWeek
Changing gears to another framework helped reduce boot times and resource usage, especially during traffic spikes.
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Number 8860726.ReportsOnline EventsAdvertiseAboutNewsletter Sign-UpNewsletter Sign-UpLeadershipRelated TopicsDigital TransformationIT Staffing & CareersIT ManagementIT StrategyRecent in LeadershipSee Allsilhouettes of business leadersIT LeadershipRedefining IT’s Organizational InfluenceRedefining IT’s Organizational InfluencebyJeremy RafuseSep 22, 20234 Min ReadGreen Balloon about to be burst by a needle held by a businessman's hand in a pinstripe sleeve.IT LeadershipTech Company Layoffs: The COVID Tech Bubble BurstsTech Company Layoffs: The COVID Tech Bubble BurstsbyBrandon Taylor, Jessica DavisSep 22, 20231h 10m ReadResilienceRelated TopicsCybersecurityRisk ManagementIncident ResponseRecent in ResilienceSee AllthumbnailCyber ResilienceFast Chat: Redefining Trust and Risk in a Modern Digital MarketplaceFast Chat: Redefining Trust and Risk in a Modern Digital MarketplaceSep 25, 202319 Min ViewCyber security, hacking and data analytics employee, tired from working on it, software engineering glitch.Cyber ResilienceWhat Are the Biggest Lessons from the MGM Ransomware Attack?What Are the Biggest Lessons from the MGM Ransomware Attack?byCarrie PallardySep 22, 20235 Min ReadML & AIRelated TopicsResponsible AIIT AutomationAI InnovationsRecent in ML & AISee AllBusiness woman, AI and laptop with hologram, UX and networking for forex trading icon in office using virtual platform.Machine Learning & AIDialing Down AI Risks While Getting Smarter About Its UsesDialing Down AI Risks While Getting Smarter About Its UsesbySamuel GreengardSep 21, 20235 Min Readpeople and a robot on different sides of a seesaw depicting the balance of artificial intelligence and societyMachine Learning & AIWeighing the AI Threat By Incident ReportsWeighing the AI Threat By Incident ReportsbyPam BakerSep 20, 20235 Min ReadDataRelated TopicsData PrivacyData GovernanceRecent in DataSee AllGoogle office building, Kings Cross, London, UK.Data ManagementCould the DOJ’s Antitrust Trial vs Google Drive More Innovation?Could the DOJ’s Antitrust Trial vs Google Drive More Innovation?byJoao-Pierre S. 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Impact Investing concept.SustainabilityCFOs Navigate ESG Reporting ChallengesCFOs Navigate ESG Reporting ChallengesbyNathan EddySep 22, 20234 Min ReadDigital, tablet and future with man on farm for sustainability, agriculture and planning.SustainabilityHow AgTech Could Help Save the WorldHow AgTech Could Help Save the WorldbyJohn EdwardsSep 18, 20235 Min ReadInfrastructureRelated TopicsData CentersCloud ComputingRecent in InfrastructureSee AllCisco logo seen during an event.IT InfrastructureCisco Will Buy Splunk for $28B in Huge AI Cybersecurity PlayCisco Will Buy Splunk for $28B in Huge AI Cybersecurity PlaybyShane Snider Sep 21, 20233 Min ReadClose-up view of a new semiconductor microchip in the gloved hand of computer scientist.IT InfrastructureAre We in a Chips Crisis?Are We in a Chips Crisis?byInformationWeek StaffSep 19, 20231 Min ReadSoftwareRelated TopicsDevOpsSoftware PlatformsOperating SystemsRecent in SoftwareSee AllthumbnailSoftware & ServicesGBS Rides New Technology and New Leadership to a Fast-Growing RoleGBS Rides New Technology and New Leadership to a Fast-Growing RolebySonal BhagiaSep 21, 20234 Min Readwrecking ball shattering a white wallSoftware & ServicesTake a Wrecking Ball to Your Tech Debt WallTake a Wrecking Ball to Your Tech Debt WallbyJason Byrd, Chad DoironSep 20, 20237 Min ReadMoreRelated TopicsNewslettersReports/ResearchOnline EventsLive EventsPodcastsWhite PapersAdvertise With UsAbout UsIT SectorsSee all resourcesSponsored ByMachine Learning & AIWhy Vodafone Greece Devs Migrated to Red Hat’s QuarkusWhy Vodafone Greece Devs Migrated to Red Hat’s QuarkusChanging gears to another framework helped reduce boot times and resource usage, especially during traffic spikes.Joao-Pierre S. RuthJune 2, 20205 Min ReadImage: joyfotoliakid - stock.adobe.comThe team at Vodafone Greece kept trying to make do with its legacy systems but the need for a nimbler option became impossible to ignore. Christos Sotiriou, backend chapter lead at Vodafone Greece, says they wanted to better serve requests and increasing demand on services such as distant payment solutions and mobile applications. He says they had been using a monolithic service architecture that was in place for decades. A newer option emerged when Quarkus came on the scene.In 2019, Red Hat rolled out its build of Quarkus, a container-first, next-generation Kubernetes-native Java stack. It is billed as a more cloud-oriented option for app development that spoke to the needs at Vodafone Greece.At the time, Vodafone Greece was dealing with long development cycles that needed to be trimmed down to be more reactive, Sotiriou says. “In order to push a new feature, no matter how small, it required two or three months of development.” The volume of people developing on the same architecture became a problem, he says, along with delays in aggregation to present information to users.That led to Vodafone introducing a digital experience layer, based on Kubernetes and comprised of microservices that sit between the front-end channels, including web and mobile applications, and backend systems. “In this Kubernetes cluster, we have developed 80 microservices,” Sotiriou says. The goal is to develop up to 300 microservices, he says, when the full scope of the digital experience layer is realized.Sotiriou says his team worked with the Spring Boot framework when they began developing microservices. Though he says Spring Boot is widely used, his team had concerns. “We became increasingly worried about resource consumption that Spring Boot was having while being deployed on the Kubernetes cluster,” Sotiriou says. For example, they faced slow boot times when a microservice was deployed because systems needed to be aggregated before it could come online.Vodafone Greece was eventually able to decrease boot times of about 2 minutes to around 60 seconds, Sotiriou says, but a search began to find alternatives. “It became increasingly cumbersome to find ways to circumvent the methodology we were using just to squeeze ever little bit of performance out of Spring Boot,” he says.Delays in booting, especially during traffic spikes, can cause headaches with microservices and result in an unhealthy cluster, Sotiriou says. “If booting of a new microservice takes too long it means that the old microservice that is already running is going to be killed because of heavy load.”The development of Quarkus was a response to the need to alleviate overhead and better serve modern ecosystems, says Rich Sharples, senior director of product management at Red Hat. “Java was designed for a very, very different era of computing with big honking, mainframe-class Solaris servers running for years and decades,” he says. “That’s not the world we live in.”Now in a containerized world, the resources that applications have access to are much smaller, Sharples says. In extreme cases, he says, such as functions-as-a-service, applications may only get enough memory and CPU to run a function one time. “That’s what we are trying to change with Quarkus,” Sharples says, “to move a lot of that processing into the compilation stage so it doesn’t affect your startup time and to lower the significant memory overhead that Java comes with.”Sotiriou says his team considered options that included Node.js and Golang but went with Quarkus because of the ecosystem and programming language choice. In March 2019, he says his team began writing their entire stack toward Quarkus. “Not only were we beginning to write microservices using Quarkus, we also had a plethora of common libraries, shared libraries across the whole ecosystem we needed to rewrite as well.” That included common business cases that the microservices were using such as customized database connectivity and authorization authentication. Christos SotiriouImage: Vodafone Greece Vodafone Greece entered into a staggered migration, Sotiriou says, where the team initially tried to keep older applications running as they moved Spring Boot into maintenance phase while newer applications were written in Quarkus. The need to accelerate that migration became apparent earlier this year.In January, Vodafone Greece released a new version of the My Vodafone application. Sotiriou says it was the first time the digital experience layer was used to draw the main screen for the app. “The main screen had so much information that we needed to aggregate information from three or four or five microservices at the same time,” Sotiriou says. When this version of the app was rolled out to about 30% of Vodafone Greece users, problems emerged. “The microservices the main screen used were written in Spring Boot, so it nearly tore down our cluster,” he says.With increased traffic spikes, there were long boot times of about 40 seconds, Sotiriou says. The app was rewritten in Quarkus to rectify the issues, using half the resources. He says using Quarkus in JVM (Java Virtual Machine) mode without compiling to native led to boot times of about 14 seconds, a 60% performance increase. “That was the breaking point for us,” Sotiriou says. “We decide to migrate even more microservices from Spring Boot to Quarkus.” Vodafone Greece now has 40 microservices written in Quarkus, with another 20 microservices in the pipeline, he says. For more information on DevOps and Cloud, read these articles:Modern App Dev: An Enterprise GuideKubernetes Advantage: Considerations for a Multi-Cloud WorldSearching For a Cloud-Native App Strategy Amid the ChaosAbout the Author(s)Joao-Pierre S. RuthSenior WriterJoao-Pierre S. Ruth has spent his career immersed in business and technology journalism first covering local industries in New Jersey, later as the New York editor for Xconomy delving into the city's tech startup community, and then as a freelancer for such outlets as TheStreet, Investopedia, and Street Fight. Joao-Pierre earned his bachelor's in English from Rutgers University. Follow him on Twitter: @jpruth.See more from Joao-Pierre S. 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Ruth 2","name":"Joao-Pierre S. Ruth","companyName":"","role":"Senior Writer","avatar":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt69509c9116440be8/bltdb36f6beba04e853/64bc07dcbbe99b2ac436a250/Joao-Pierre-Ruth.png","link":"/author/joao-pierre-s-ruth-2","tagLine":"Senior Writer","summary":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Joao-Pierre S. Ruth has spent his career immersed in business and technology journalism first covering local industries in New Jersey, later as the New York editor for Xconomy delving into the city's tech startup community, and then as a freelancer for such outlets as TheStreet, Investopedia, and Street Fight. Joao-Pierre earned his bachelor's in English from Rutgers University. 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Quarkus\u0026body=I%20thought%20the%20following%20from%20informationweek%20might%20interest%20you.%0D%0A%0D%0A%20Why%20Vodafone%20Greece%20Devs%20Migrated%20to%20Red%20Hat%E2%80%99s%20Quarkus%0D%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.informationweek.com%2Fmachine-learning-ai%2Fwhy-vodafone-greece-devs-migrated-to-red-hat-s-quarkus"},{"type":"Reddit","url":"https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://www.informationweek.com/machine-learning-ai/why-vodafone-greece-devs-migrated-to-red-hat-s-quarkus\u0026title=Why%20Vodafone%20Greece%20Devs%20Migrated%20to%20Red%20Hat%E2%80%99s%20Quarkus"}],"publishedDate":"2020-06-02T08:00:00.000Z","keywords":[],"atAGlance":[],"bodyJson":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The team at Vodafone Greece kept trying to make do with its legacy systems but the need for a nimbler option became impossible to ignore. Christos Sotiriou, backend chapter lead at Vodafone Greece, says they wanted to better serve requests and increasing demand on services such as distant payment solutions and mobile applications. He says they had been using a monolithic service architecture that was in place for decades. A newer option emerged when Quarkus came on the scene."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"In 2019, Red Hat rolled out its build of "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2019/03/07/quarkus-next-generation-kubernetes-native-java-framework/","target":"_blank","class":null}}],"text":"Quarkus"},{"type":"text","text":", a container-first, next-generation Kubernetes-native Java stack. It is billed as a more cloud-oriented option for app development that spoke to the needs at Vodafone Greece."}]},{"type":"ad","pos":"300_1v_article"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"At the time, Vodafone Greece was dealing with long development cycles that needed to be trimmed down to be more reactive, Sotiriou says. “In order to push a new feature, no matter how small, it required two or three months of development.” The volume of people developing on the same architecture became a problem, he says, along with delays in aggregation to present information to users."}]},{"type":"ad","pos":"native_1v"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"That led to Vodafone introducing a digital experience layer, based on Kubernetes and comprised of microservices that sit between the front-end channels, including web and mobile applications, and backend systems. “In this Kubernetes cluster, we have developed 80 microservices,” Sotiriou says. The goal is to develop up to 300 microservices, he says, when the full scope of the digital experience layer is realized."}]},{"type":"ad","pos":"video_v"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Sotiriou says his team worked with the Spring Boot framework when they began developing microservices. Though he says Spring Boot is widely used, his team had concerns. “We became increasingly worried about resource consumption that Spring Boot was having while being deployed on the Kubernetes cluster,” Sotiriou says. For example, they faced slow boot times when a microservice was deployed because systems needed to be aggregated before it could come online."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Vodafone Greece was eventually able to decrease boot times of about 2 minutes to around 60 seconds, Sotiriou says, but a search began to find alternatives. “It became increasingly cumbersome to find ways to circumvent the methodology we were using just to squeeze ever little bit of performance out of Spring Boot,” he says."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Delays in booting, especially during traffic spikes, can cause headaches with microservices and result in an unhealthy cluster, Sotiriou says. “If booting of a new microservice takes too long it means that the old microservice that is already running is going to be killed because of heavy load.”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"The development of Quarkus was a response to the need to alleviate overhead and better serve modern ecosystems, says Rich Sharples, senior director of product management at Red Hat. “Java was designed for a very, very different era of computing with big honking, mainframe-class Solaris servers running for years and decades,” he says. “That’s not the world we live in.”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Now in a containerized world, the resources that applications have access to are much smaller, Sharples says. In extreme cases, he says, such as functions-as-a-service, applications may only get enough memory and CPU to run a function one time. “That’s what we are trying to change with Quarkus,” Sharples says, “to move a lot of that processing into the compilation stage so it doesn’t affect your startup time and to lower the significant memory overhead that Java comes with.”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Sotiriou says his team considered options that included Node.js and Golang but went with Quarkus because of the ecosystem and programming language choice. In March 2019, he says his team began writing their entire stack toward Quarkus. “Not only were we beginning to write microservices using Quarkus, we also had a plethora of common libraries, shared libraries across the whole ecosystem we needed to rewrite as well.” That included common business cases that the microservices were using such as customized database connectivity and authorization authentication."}]},{"type":"ad","pos":"native_2v"},{"type":"figure","attrs":{"figcaption":"\n Christos SotiriouImage: Vodafone Greece\n \n "},"content":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"textAlign":"left","src":"https://eu-images.contentstack.com/v3/assets/blt69509c9116440be8/blte9c980b53656f122/646806b1f916723a09e8c36c/Christos_Sotiriou-VodafoneGreece.jpg","alt":"Christos_Sotiriou-VodafoneGreece.jpg","title":null,"style":{"width":"100%"}}},{"type":"text","text":" Christos SotiriouImage: Vodafone Greece"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Vodafone Greece entered into a staggered migration, Sotiriou says, where the team initially tried to keep older applications running as they moved Spring Boot into maintenance phase while newer applications were written in Quarkus. The need to accelerate that migration became apparent earlier this year."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"In January, Vodafone Greece released a new version of the My Vodafone application. Sotiriou says it was the first time the digital experience layer was used to draw the main screen for the app. “The main screen had so much information that we needed to aggregate information from three or four or five microservices at the same time,” Sotiriou says. When this version of the app was rolled out to about 30% of Vodafone Greece users, problems emerged. “The microservices the main screen used were written in Spring Boot, so it nearly tore down our cluster,” he says."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"With increased traffic spikes, there were long boot times of about 40 seconds, Sotiriou says. The app was rewritten in Quarkus to rectify the issues, using half the resources. He says using Quarkus in JVM (Java Virtual Machine) mode without compiling to native led to boot times of about 14 seconds, a 60% performance increase. “That was the breaking point for us,” Sotiriou says. “We decide to migrate even more microservices from Spring Boot to Quarkus.” Vodafone Greece now has 40 microservices written in Quarkus, with another 20 microservices in the pipeline, he says."}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"},{"type":"italic"}],"text":"For more information on DevOps and Cloud, read these articles:"}]},{"type":"ad","pos":"300_2v_article"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"textAlign":"left"},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.informationweek.com/devops/modern-app-dev-an-enterprise-guide/a/d-id/1336623","target":"_blank","class":null}}],"text":"Modern App Dev: An Enterprise 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Vodafone Greece replaces Spring Boot with Quarkus
Quarkus: Supersonic Subatomic Java
Vodafone Greece logoCesar Saavedra

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